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Kommentar till några verser angående slaveri.
Citatet kommenterar “2 Mosebok” 21:2-21 inklusive vederlägger påståendet att man kan behandla sina anställda (inte slavar!) hur som helst:
Detractors of the Bible are wont to cite primarily from this Torah-portion (21.2-20) to claim that the Bible advocates slavery. Yet, there is no passage in the Bible that advocates enslaving anyone, only many passages that range from alleviating the plight of slaves to redeeming and freeing slaves.
21.2— “If you buy an ??? ???? (eved ivri; Hebrew worker)’” In the past few years, some individuals have made the news by their noble-intentioned efforts to purchase slaves in Africa and then set them free. Yet, the idea comes from the Bible.
The first instruction concerning workers in this passage concerns if one buys an ??? ????. Why would instructions concerning an ??? ???? be listed first? Because an ??? ???? may serve no more than six years to repay the debt of purchasing his freedom. How is this different from entering a contract to work for a company for a specified number of years at a specified income? Clarifications concerning the ??? ???? continue through pâ•suq?7, dealing with some of the complications that may arise during the period of repayment service.
In connection with 21.4, other p?suq•im? instruct that, unless the ??? ???? prefers to keep his job and security, he has an obligation to save his money after he is freed to redeem the rest of his family.
“Maidservant” is a translation of ??? (amah), which derives from ?? (eim; mother). Hence, ??? refers to a “motherlike maid,” i.e. a nanny. One might ask why the financial interests of the owner-employer would be protected from losing an ??? (or the ??? losing her child) when the man was freed of further obligation. Keeping the child with his or her ?? is obvious. However, why the owner’s financial interest should be protected requires a bit of thought. If the ??? ???? who was close to freedom wanted to marry, an owner who stood to lose the woman and a child along with the ??? ????would be likely to refuse to allow the ??? ???? to marry in the first place. This is hardly an ideal solution. It is better for the ??? ???? to be allowed to marry, which means that, in order that the owner not be motivated to refuse, the owner’s financial interests must be protected while still encourage awarding freedom to the ??? ???? and providing for the redemption of his wife and child. Most importantly, there is no advocacy of slavery in this passage.
21.21— This pâ•suq? is sometimes cited as “proof” that “slaves” were treated like animals. First, “slaves” isn’t a valid translation of ??? ???? (which is why I keep writing ??? ???? instead of “slave”). More importantly, what is the difference between the treatment of the ??? ???? in pâ•suq? 21 and the treatment of the ordinary ???? (ivri; Hebrew) in pâ•suq? [verse] 19? The only difference is who pays whom. In the case of the ????, the one who caused the death must recompense the relatives of the deceased.
Translate this identically to verse 21 and you find that the owner would be required to recompense himself—“because it’s ???? (khaspo; his own silver / money), the financial interest of lost income is his own rather than any income lost by relatives of the deceased. There was no monetary evaluation assessed to the loss of the deceased, as no monetary evaluation can be attached to a person. Pricing a person, as modern courts often do of a deceased, implies not only that the deceased was worth no more than some amount of cattle, automobiles, drugs or the like, and that a person can be purchased for that price.
The pâ•suq? that’s most often cited by misojudaics to claim that Tor•âh? teaches Jews to own gentile slaves is [3 Mosebok] 25.44. This pâ•suq? refers to an ??? (eved; worker) who is not an ????, who is from among the goyim?. Sure enough, Jews may puchase an ??? or ??? from the goy•im?. But curiously, while a Jew must set an ??? free (unless the ??? chooses not to be freed), he may not sell an ??? to a non-Jew!!! That means that bringing an ??? into the Jewish system was a path to reducing slavery to a temporary period of repayment followed by freedom.
This brings us back to the man who goes to Africa to buy slaves. The news media hasn’t labelled him a slaver. He redeemed the slaves he purchased, setting them free.
Yet, three thousand years before Abraham Lincoln and the American Civil War, much less Martin Luther King, it is Israel and Torâh? that have been the perpetual champion of alleviating and ending enslavement.
[Citat från: www.netzarim.co.il]